Is
Hindu Rashtra Unnecessary? India Became Hindu Raj in 1947
Saeed
Naqvi
How indistinguishable the Congress
ideologically is from the BJP was the theme of the main edit page article
written by French scholars Christophe Jaffrelot and Gilles Verniers in the
Indian Express on October 5.
The editor grasped the heart of the
matter and gave it an apt headline: Congress and the BJP, “Tweedledum and
Tweedledee”. The Jaffrelot-Verniers duet have, for their laboratory, focused on
Gujarat – on how principal leaders have swung from one side to the other, repeatedly,
like trapeze artistes in a circus.
I suspect this is the beginning of a wider
research because the Tweedledum-Tweedledee image is applicable to all regions
wherever there is some Congress presence. In most places it looks like the
BJP’s B team, and has conceded spaces to it for that very reason.
In recent decades there have been two
distinct postures the Congress has struck towards the BJP. In Madhya Pradesh,
under the leadership of Arjun Singh and Digvijay Singh, the party has taken the
BJP head on. There was no other force to combat.
In Kerala, particularly under K.
Karunakaran’s chief ministership, the party turned to the Sangh Parivar,
whenever help was required for electoral battle with the Left Front. In fact
Karunakaran was a master at ambidextrous politics. On one occasion in Kozhikode
he maneuvered the Congress, BJP and Muslim League on the same side to defeat
CPM’s T.K. Hamza.
What has been the result of the Congress
grappling with Hindutva in Bhopal or flirting with it in Thiruvanthapauram?
State and district level Muslim congress
leaders I met last week in Indore, Dhar and Mandu painted a dismal picture of
their circumstance. Their party’s high command in New Delhi or Bhopal took them
for granted. “TINA (There Is No Alternative) factor applies to us” Mohammad
Kamran, youth Congress leader lamented. When a Muslim majority village was
gutted, no “senior” (for which read “Hindu”) congress leader turned up to
inquire.
Circumstances in Rajasthan are similar.
When 10 Muslims were shot dead by policemen in Gopalgarh in 2011, an hour’s
drive from Delhi, neither Rahul Gandhi nor Home Minister, P. Chidambaram
considered it worth their while to visit despite several delegations imploring
them to do so. This was the first instance in the country of police firing
inside a mosque.
In Kerala, the frequent Congress
dependence on sectarian groups has had the effect of slowly opening the door
just enough for Hindutva forces to make a bid for replacing the Congress. That
this process has been slow is attributable to the state’s distinct and
enlightened social structure.
This did not deter Karunakaran from his
efforts to “Brahminize” Rajiv Gandhi who, in his perception, would not graduate
from the ranks of the “Baba log” without persistent “ang pradarshan” or ritual
prayers at the Krishna temple in Guruvayur. Whether Rajiv transited to becoming
a Brahmin or even a Hindu is less than clear. What is certain is that he
developed a taste for Guruvayur’s famous rice and milk pudding, payasam, large
quantities of which were made available for his extended family’s New Year
celebrations at Lakshadweep islands.
Rajiv Gandhi’s unprecedented victory in
the December 1984 elections (404 seats in House of 514) was interpreted as
Hindu consolidation in response to minority communalism which had resulted in
Indira Gandhi’s assassination. Even the party, treasurer, Sitaram Kesari, non
communal to his finger tips, interpreted the mandate in majoritarian terms.
In 1986, V.N. Gadgil, among the more
enlightened General Secretaries of the Congress, told me in great confidence: “the
feeling is widespread among Hindus, that Muslims were being appeased.”
This thinking guided subsequent Congress
actions, making it just as indistinguishable from the BJP as Jeffrelot and Verniers
found it in Gujarat. How “appeased” the Muslims were became clear in the Sachar
Committee report on their social-economic conditions during sixty years of
Congress rule. They had, in their social status, tumbled below the lowest
Dalits.
Ranganath Misra Commission’s
recommendations to help Muslims out of the plight described by Sachar Committee,
was placed on the shelf where it gathers dust to this day.
Srikrishna Commission which named
politicians directly involved in Mumbai riots of 1992-93 in which 900 people
(majority of them Muslims) were killed and their shops and houses gutted, has remained
secret.
It would require amnesia of a very high
order to heap all the credit for the brazen saffronization at Naendra Modi’s
door. It would require magic or miracle to have advanced the Hindutva cause with
such rapidity in three years. Frankly, the ground has been prepared over the
past 70 years.
We must not forget, the Hindu Mahasabha,
RSS, Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad and elements in the Congress were quite
“indistinguishable” one from the other all along.
The founder of the Hindu Mahasabha,
Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya was a four time President of the Congress. His
vision of India would not have been very different from that of the Banaras
Hindu University which he founded.
Rajeshwar Dayal, the first Home
Secretary of UP, in his memoirs, A Life of Our Times, mentions an astonishing
story about Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant, UP’s first Chief Minister and RSS
supremo Guru Golwalkar. The RSS chief was found with a trunk load of incriminating
evidence of extensive plans for communal violence in Western UP. The Chief
Minister however enabled him to escape.
It all leads to the inescapable
conclusion, argued in my book “Being The Other: The Muslim in India”. Having
accepted Mountbatten’s June 3, 1947, plan for the Partition of India, Congress de
facto accepted the Two-Nation theory while publicly arguing against it. Dissembling
was essential to keep Kashmir. On August 15, 1947, India seamlessly glided from
British Raj to Hindu Raj. It could have been named Hindustan (just as the other
country was called Pakistan). With Hindu at the helm a more honest bargain on
sharing power would have been possible. The painful process of a second
distillation for a Hindu Rashtra could have been avoided.
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